The spinal column is a complex group of structures that helps the central nervous system communicate with the lower parts of the body. They are strong enough to keep the back stable but limber to assist in accessory movements. When there is a disruption in the joint integrity this can impair the movement of the spine and cause some discomfort. The main joints that are affected in this situation are the facet joints.
Between each vertebrae in the spine there are a group of three structures that help with cushioning the segments from movement. The intervertebral disk sits between the body of each vertebrae, and more posteriorly there are two facet joints (a right and a left side). These joints help to protect the spine with all movements of the back. When these tissues are damaged it can impact the mobility of the spine and cause pain. Usually when there is a problem with the intervertebral disk, it requires a more severe intervention, like surgery to aid in the recovery. If the facet joints are the root cause of the problem, manual therapies can make a huge improvement. Because the lumbar spine takes more strain from movement, the facet joints of the lower part of the spine are more commonly affected, but it can also occur in the cervical and thoracic spine with a similar type of symptom. The pain can be local or radiate around the affected spinal segment (depending on the location) and is often described as a "dull, ache, jam/pinching" sensation. As the joint isn't able to move as freely, there might be a blocking type of sensation, as the muscles feel like they can move more but there is something preventing further movement. Aging is the most common source of facet joint irritation as the wear and tear on the joints can cause damage to occur. Trauma can also cause the joint to become irritated, like a rapid movement (such as in a car accident), or a sporting activity. Treatment of facet joint irritation can be very beneficial for the recovery. Treatment of the surrounding structures is vital, as the body will trigger a spasm to protect the joint from moving further, or cause swelling for an increase in blood flow for tissue healing in acute cases. Massage can help with doing a cool therapy application and manual lymphatic drainage techniques to help reduce swelling, and/or deeper techniques to reduce muscle spasming, trigger point activity and muscle tension. Once these tissues are more supple, work on the affected joint(s) can be done. This usually involves digital pressure on the facet joint in a very specific direction to help increase the joint mobility and stretch the joint capsule. If the joint is inflamed, a light vibration technique is used to reduce the swelling, and a more sustained pressure if used when the joint is restricted. This mobilization isn't performed for a long time and is intended to create more space in the joint to reduce your symptoms. At the end of the treatment, soothing massage techniques are used to help the body to relax, and some light traction (pulling on the head or feet) is done to help take the excess pressure off the joint.
For those that are suffering. from symptoms related to facet joint irritation, there are many resources for you! Your health care practitioner can help find the right course of action.
Thank you for taking the time to stop by and I hope you have a great day!
Reference and Image from:
Written by Gerard J. Girasole, M. (n.d.). Symptoms, treatment of facet joint pain. Retrieved April 24, 2021, from https://www.spineuniverse.com/conditions/spinal-disorders/facet-joint-syndrome
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